image © Qantas
Let's be real, flying with kids can feel like a whole different ball game, especially when it comes to figuring out what you'll pay for their tickets. It's not just about domestic versus international flights; every airline seems to have its own rulebook! Generally, if you're staying within Australia, you might find fewer direct discounts for kids who need their own seat. But when you venture overseas, there are often more varied price breaks for both babies and older children.
The big difference usually comes down to whether your little one is under two years old (what airlines call an "infant"). For domestic trips, they can often fly for free on your lap. But for international journeys, you'll almost always pay a fee or a percentage of your adult fare for that lap-sitting bub. Once they hit two years old, they'll need their own seat, no matter what. For domestic flights, that usually means paying the same as an adult. International flights, however, might offer some child-specific discounts, which is a nice bonus!
Honestly, getting a good handle on each airline's specific rules is super important. Even small things like age cut-offs, how they calculate fares, or what baby gear you can bring can really add up in terms of cost and hassle. This guide is here to help you make sense of it all, so you can plan your family adventures with a bit more peace of mind.
Airlines have their own definitions for our young passengers, and these definitions totally change how much you'll pay and whether your child needs their own seat.
Most airlines agree that an "infant" is a child under two years old (specifically, under 24 months) on the day you fly. For these tiny travellers, the usual deal is for them to sit on an adult's lap. But if you prefer, you can almost always buy a separate seat for your infant, though you'll likely need an approved car seat for them to sit in.
The "child" category typically covers kids from two years old up to 11 or 12. The golden rule here is that they absolutely need their own seat. This is where the fare differences really start to show up, especially between domestic and international flights. Once your child turns 12, most airlines consider them a "young person" or an "adult," meaning they'll usually pay the full adult fare with no more age-based discounts.
Here's a common curveball that can really catch parents off guard: your infant turns two mid-trip! Almost always, you'll need to buy a ticket for any flight segment where your child is two or older. So, you might pay a lap infant fare for the first part of your trip, but then a full child (or even adult) fare for the return or connecting flights once they've had their birthday.
This can be a real budget shock! You might have planned for a lap infant for the whole journey, only to find a hefty, unexpected cost for the way back. Plus, it can be a bit of a headache to sort out. Airlines like Emirates and Qantas even mention that you often can't book these "infant-out, child-in" trips online; you'll need to call them directly. This means more time on the phone and the risk that seats might be limited, especially if you're booking last minute. Imagine needing a seat on a full flight for your newly-two-year-old - yikes! It can lead to a lot of stress and extra costs, and it might even make you think twice about long trips or those that cross your child's second birthday. Basically, airlines want to make sure they're charging for every seat once a child is old enough to need one for safety.
Jetstar has a tiny exception: if your infant is under two on the way out and turns two on a return trip (on the same booking, flying to and from the same place), you might not need a child fare for the return. But if your flights are on separate bookings or different one-way trips, that child fare for the later flight is definitely required. Emirates is pretty clear: if your infant turns two after your journey starts, you'll be charged the child fare for the rest of the trip, and they'll automatically book a seat for them. Again, these complex bookings usually mean a call to the airline. Qantas also has a similar rule for older kids: if your child turns twelve after the outbound flight, you'll pay a half child fare for the first leg and a half adult fare for the return. These split fares can be combined onto one ticket, but you'll need to get the airline to do it manually.
When you're flying domestically in Australia, don't expect too many special discounts for kids who need their own seat.
Good news for Qantas domestic flights: if your infant isn't taking up a seat, they fly for free! No ticket needed for them. But if you decide to buy a seat for your infant, you'll pay the full adult fare for it. And here's a heads-up: if one adult is flying with two infants, you'll have to buy a seat for that second little one; they can't both sit on your lap.
Qantas is pretty clear: no child discounts for domestic flights in Australia. So, if your child is aged 2 to 11 and needs their own seat, they'll pay 100% of the adult fare. For Qantas domestic, if your infant is on your lap, no ticket is needed. For kids with their own seat, it's an adult fare, and the ticket will usually have 'CH' on it to show it's for a child.
For Jetstar domestic flights, even if your infant is on your lap, there's a small "infant fee" of AUD $35 per flight segment, and you'll get a ticket for this charge. If you buy a seat for your infant, they need to be able to sit up on their own or be in an approved car seat, and you'll pay the full adult fare for that seat. Just like Qantas, if you're flying solo with more than one infant under two, you'll need to buy a seat for each additional infant after the first.
Jetstar, like Qantas, doesn't offer child discounts for domestic flights in Australia. So, kids aged two and up, who need their own seat for safety, will pay the full adult fare. For Jetstar domestic, you'll get a ticket for that infant fee, and for kids, their ticket will show 'CH'.
On Virgin Australia domestic flights, if your child is under two and on your lap, they fly for free! If you choose to buy a seat for your infant, it's a full fare, and you'll need an approved child restraint. And yep, only one lap infant per adult; if you have more than one, you'll need to buy a seat for the second.
Virgin Australia's domestic policy is the same as Qantas and Jetstar: no child discounts. So, kids aged 2 to 11, who need their own seat, pay the full adult fare. If you're booking a seat for an infant or a child, you'll need to do it. For infants needing their own seat, Virgin Australia suggests calling their Guest Contact Centre, as it's a bit more complicated to book.
It's pretty consistent across the main Australian domestic airlines: kids in their own seats generally pay adult fares. This probably means they figure families will fly domestically anyway, especially for shorter trips where other transport options aren't great. Charging full adult fares for kids helps them make the most money per seat, since a child in a seat costs pretty much the same to transport as an adult. The small difference in lap infant fees (Qantas and Virgin Australia are free, Jetstar charges a fee) just shows how different airlines approach attracting families or making a bit extra. This fare structure actually makes domestic family travel proportionally more expensive per person compared to international travel, where child discounts are more common. This cost difference might even make families think twice about longer domestic flights, perhaps opting for road trips instead if the cost of multiple full-fare tickets gets too high.
While direct fare discounts for kids are rare domestically, airlines do vary in how generous they are with baggage allowances for baby and child gear. This is super helpful!
On Qantas domestic flights, lap infants usually don't get a standard baggage allowance. BUT, the adult flying with them gets extra perks: you can check in one collapsible stroller or push-chair, a collapsible cot or bassinet, or a car seat/baby capsule for free. This is on top of your own regular baggage allowance.
Jetstar lap infants don't get a carry-on allowance. You'll need to pack any essential baby items like food, drinks, nappies, and clothes for the flight within your own carry-on. However, Jetstar is pretty awesome with checked baggage for families! You can check any combination (or all!) of these items for free, no matter your fare type, and it's extra to your standard checked baggage: a pram, a stroller, a portable cot, and/or a highchair.
Virgin Australia lets adults flying with infants bring an extra 7kg carry-on just for essential baby stuff, like baby milk (including breast milk), sterilised water, juice, liquid/gel/paste baby food, and disposable wipes. For checked baggage, if your infant isn't taking a seat and you're on an Economy Lite fare, you can check three special infant items (like a pram/stroller, portable cot, car seat/baby capsule). For other fare types (Choice, Flex, Business), you get a 23kg checked bag *plus* these three special infant items.
Qantas children generally get the same carry-on and checked baggage allowance as adults, depending on the fare you bought. Jetstar says if your infant has their own seat, their fare includes the standard carry-on. Kids aged 2 and up, who have their own seat, also get the standard carry-on and checked baggage allowance for their purchased fare. Virgin Australia children get the same carry-on allowance as adults. For checked baggage, kids on an Economy Lite fare can check two special equipment items (like a stroller or car seat). For other fare types, they get their standard checked baggage allowance plus two special equipment items.
Since direct fare discounts for kids are rare domestically, offering generous baggage allowances for baby gear is a smart move for airlines. It's a subtle way to be competitive or, at the very least, a necessary part of good customer service. They know how much stuff you need when travelling with little ones! Jetstar's clear list of free checked items (pram, cot, highchair, car seat) is especially cool for a low-cost airline, showing they really get what families need, even with that lap infant fee. The little details about carry-on versus checked strollers and car seat rules just show that there are practical limits like cabin space or safety rules. So, you don't just need to know *if* you can bring something, but *how* (like, will it be gate-checked or allowed in the cabin?). Airlines are trying to balance making money with making families happy. By making it easier to bring essential baby items, they're hoping to make your travel experience better, even if they don't offer direct fare discounts.
International flights from and to Australia often have more varied and sometimes more complicated fare rules than domestic ones. You'll usually find discounts for infants and sometimes for children, which is a big difference and reflects a more competitive market.
For Qantas international flights, if your infant isn't taking a seat, they'll usually be charged 10% of the adult fare, plus any taxes and surcharges. If you book a seat for your infant, then they fall under the child fare rules. Qantas offers different discounts for children on international flights. Kids can travel for anywhere between 75% and 100% of the adult fare, plus taxes and surcharges. The exact percentage depends on your travel class and destination, so you'll need to check the specific fare rules for the precise details. For international Qantas fares, if an infant is part of the initial booking, their ticket is issued at 10% of the adult fare plus taxes, with the fare ending in 'IN'. For children, it's the applicable discounted rate, and the fare ends in 'CH'.
There's a specific fee for infants not occupying a seat on Jetstar international flights, and it's generally higher than the domestic infant fee. You'll need a ticket for this fee. If you buy a seat for your infant, they must be able to sit unaided or use an approved car seat, and you'll pay a full adult fare for that seat. Unlike some other international airlines, Jetstar clearly states that they don't offer child discounts on their international fares. So, children and infants occupying a seat pay 100% of the adult fare. The infant fee ticket can be issued anytime. For children in a seat, the ticket will show 'CH'.
For flights to New Zealand (Trans-Tasman) and other International Short Haul destinations, an infant not occupying their own seat is charged 10% of the full adult fare (excluding taxes, fees, and surcharges). If you buy a seat for your infant, it's a full fare for Trans-Tasman routes. But for International Short Haul flights, there's a discounted rate of 75% of the full fare (excluding taxes, fees, and surcharges). Children flying Trans-Tasman pay the full adult fare. However, for International Short Haul flights, a child discount is available, with fares calculated at 75% of the full fare (excluding taxes, fees, and surcharges).
If your infant is on your lap or in a bassinet, they'll usually get a discounted fare, often around 10% of the full adult fare, plus taxes. If you book a separate seat for your infant, they're charged a child's fare, and you'll need an approved car seat for take-off and landing. Kids in their own seats also get discounted fares from the full adult fare. Emirates offers baby bassinets for infants up to two years old, as long as they weigh less than 11kg and fit comfortably. You can't request a bassinet if you've booked a normal seat at child's fare rates. Bassinets are limited and have specific size rules. Approved car seats are allowed if you've bought a separate seat and paid a child's fare. These car seats need to meet specific international standards. Heads up: rear-facing car seats are only for infants between 7 days and 6 months old and must be in a bulkhead position.
A lap infant ticket usually costs between 10% and 25% of a regular adult ticket. You can ask for bassinet seats in bulkhead rows, but they're not guaranteed and are first-come, first-served. Kids can get a KrisFlyer account and earn the same miles as an adult in the same booking class. While they don't give an exact percentage, it sounds like tickets for children in their own seats are usually discounted from the full adult fare. Infants get a free checked baggage allowance of up to 10kg (or 1 piece, depending on your trip and class). Plus, you can check a fully collapsible stroller and a car seat for free, on top of that allowance.
While infants fly free within New Zealand (domestic), for international flights, lap infant fares are 10% of the adult fare. If you buy a seat for your infant, a child fare applies, and you'll need to provide an approved car seat. Children's fares are the same as adult fares for flights within New Zealand, Trans-Tasman, or the Pacific. For long-haul international flights, children's fares are generally 75% of the adult fare. Some exceptions include long-haul international flights from the US and Canada, where child fares are the same as adult fares, and Business Premier class, where child fares are also usually the same as adult fares (unless you're flying from Singapore, then it's 75% of an adult fare). Infant fares don't include checked baggage, but they do get one piece of carry-on. Both child and infant fares let you check up to two extra special items like strollers, buggies, car seats, booster seats, or portacots for free. Air New Zealand bassinets are for infants up to 8 months old and under 11.8kg. There are limited bassinets, so book early!
The price of an infant ticket usually comes from a discount on an adult ticket. If your adult ticket doesn't offer an infant discount, they'll use the next higher adult fare that does. Child fares are available and are generally discounted from the adult fare. All Cathay Pacific planes have baby bassinets, roughly 76cm x 38cm x 20cm, holding up to 12kg. You can ask for a bassinet when you book, but a baby older than 6 months might not find it comfy. You can bring your own car seat if it's forward-facing, for infants between 6 months and 3 years old, weighs 18kg or less, and is in good shape. You'll need to buy a separate seat for the infant/child using the car seat.
Infants on your lap are charged 10% of the adult airfare. If you buy a separate seat for your infant, they're booked as a 'child' and get the same baggage allowance as an adult. Kids flying with British Airways usually pay 75% of the adult airfare. Infants (under 2) generally get one standard 23kg bag in the hold, unless you're on a hand baggage only (Basic) fare. Children (2-11) get the same free checked baggage allowance as adults, which depends on your cabin class. Plus, both infants and children can check up to two essential extras (like a collapsible pushchair/stroller, car seat, travel cot, or baby back carrier) for free, even on hand baggage only fares. British Airways offers free carrycots and infant seats on long-haul flights for babies up to 2 years old, under 12.5 kg. Carrycots are specifically for infants up to 6 months old and under 8kg. Infant seats are for children from birth up to 24 months and under 12.5kg. These are subject to availability and aircraft type.
While lap infants fly free on U.S. domestic flights, for international travel, you'll need a ticket. For flights between the U.S., Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, you typically only pay applicable taxes or 10% of the adult fare plus taxes. For other international spots, it's a partial fare based on the destination, usually 10% of an adult fare plus taxes. If you buy a seat for your infant, an approved car seat is a must for safety. Kids aged two and older need a ticket and their own seat. While exact percentage discounts for international child fares to/from Australia aren't detailed, the "partial fare" for international infants suggests a general discount for young travellers. United offers a limited number of free bassinets on certain international aircraft. These are for infants up to about six months old and under 10kg. Request them early, as they're limited and can only be used when the seatbelt sign is off. If your infant has a purchased ticket, standard baggage rules apply. For lap infants, United lets you check one stroller and one car seat for free. Plus, a diaper bag, breast pump, and breast milk/formula are allowed as carry-on items on top of your adult allowance, even if your child isn't with you!
So, unlike domestic Australian travel, many international airlines (like Qantas, Virgin Australia, Emirates, Air New Zealand, British Airways, United Airlines) pretty consistently offer discounted fares for lap infants (often around 10% of the adult fare) and often for kids in their own seats (like 75% of the adult fare). Jetstar is a bit of an outlier here, generally not offering child discounts for international seated passengers. This means international flights often have better direct fare costs for families with young passengers compared to domestic routes. The international long-haul market is super competitive, with lots of airlines fighting for passengers. Offering child and infant discounts is a key way to stand out and attract families, who are a big and often valuable market (since they're buying multiple adult tickets). Airlines are more willing to take a bit less per child to secure the whole family's booking, especially since international flights usually have higher base adult fares, making the overall family booking more profitable. For families, this means that while the total cost of an international trip might be higher, the cost per person for kids is often much lower than for domestic flights within Australia. This could subtly influence your family's travel choices, making international destinations seem more appealing from a per-person cost perspective.
A common theme across most international airlines is that they offer some free checked baggage allowance for infants, often a specific weight (like 10kg) or a "piece" allowance. This is usually on top of letting you check essential baby items like strollers and car seats for free. For kids who have their own seat, the general rule is they get the same baggage allowance as adults, based on the fare you bought.
For infants not occupying a seat, Emirates generally allows 10kg of checked baggage and one bag on most routes. However, a big exception is for flights to and from the Americas and Africa, where the checked baggage allowance for infants is zero. Plus, Emirates only lets you check one piece of baby equipment (like a stroller, carry cot, or car seat) for free, which is a bit stricter than many other airlines that allow multiple items.
Singapore Airlines infants get up to 10kg (weight-based) or 1 piece (piece-based) of checked baggage. What's great is that a fully collapsible stroller and a car seat can be checked *in addition* to this free allowance, giving you more flexibility.
While Air New Zealand infant fares don't automatically include checked baggage, they do come with one piece of carry-on. Both child and infant fares let you bring up to two pieces of equipment (like strollers, buggies, car seats, booster seats, or portacots) to be checked for free. Children's fares include the same baggage allowance as adult fares.
British Airways infants are allowed one standard 23kg bag in the hold (unless you're on a hand baggage only fare). Children get the same baggage allowance as adults. Both infants and children can check up to two essential extras (like a pushchair, car seat, travel cot) into the hold for free, even on hand baggage only fares.
For United Airlines infants travelling on a lap, one stroller and one car seat can be checked for free. If your infant has a purchased ticket, their baggage allowance follows the standard rules for a ticketed passenger.
Planning a flight with young kids isn't just about finding the cheapest ticket; it's a huge logistical puzzle! The super detailed and specific rules for car seats (like needing pre-approval, certain certifications, where they can sit, and weight limits), bassinets (size, age, availability, and when you can use them), and all the booking complexities (like having more than one infant or your baby getting older mid-trip) really show how much goes into it. All this detail means parents have to spend a lot of time and brainpower researching, comparing policies, and often calling the airlines directly. This extra time and mental effort is a real, often overlooked, cost of family travel. It's more than just reading a summary; it's actively managing specific requirements for every part of your journey and for each child.
A basic rule across almost all airlines is that one adult can usually only travel with one lap infant. If you're an adult flying with two infants, you absolutely have to buy a separate seat for that second infant. This second little one then needs to either be able to sit up on their own or be secured in an approved child restraint device (car seat) that you bring. Bookings with multiple infants, or even just one infant needing their own seat, are often too complicated for regular online booking systems. In these cases, you'll almost always need to call the airline's contact centre or a travel agent who knows their stuff to make sure everything is booked correctly and all the rules are met.
It's a universal rule: if your infant or child is going to sit in their personal car seat on the plane, you *must* buy a separate passenger seat for them. Car seats need to meet specific national and international safety standards to be allowed on an aircraft. This means they need to have an Australian Standard Sticker AS1754 (for AU seats), comply with US Standard FMVSS213 (with an FAA sticker), NZ Standard 5411, European Standard ECE4L, or other specific international certifications. And of course, the car seat needs to be in good, undamaged condition.
Many airlines require you to get pre-approval or at least tell them 24 to 48 hours before your flight if you plan to use a car seat. This is because there's a limited number of car seats that can be safely fitted on each flight, and there are specific fitting requirements the airline needs to manage. Car seats are almost always restricted to window seats or the middle seat of a center section (on bigger planes). They are absolutely NOT allowed in exit rows or the rows right in front or behind them, due to safety rules. Also, some airlines might not allow car seats in certain premium cabin classes (like Cathay Pacific's new Business Class or British Airways Club World/First for some devices). You, the parent or guardian, are usually responsible for installing the car seat correctly onto the aircraft seat. The cabin crew will typically check that it's installed properly and might give you extra straps if needed. Just a heads-up: booster seats are generally not allowed during flights because of safety concerns during quick changes in aircraft speed. However, some airlines (like Jetstar, British Airways, Emirates) do accept alternative child restraint systems like CARES harnesses as a certified option instead of a car seat.
All these strict rules about certifications and where car seats can go really show that airlines put safety first. For parents, this means that while using your own car seat is convenient, it comes with the big job of making sure you follow all these detailed rules. This often means dealing with complicated booking processes, like calling the airline way ahead of time to register your car seat. The fact that things like booster seats are banned or that car seats can't be used in certain premium cabins just highlights how serious these safety rules are. When airlines say there's a "limited number of car seats that can be fitted on each flight," it's not just about space. It could be about the plane's structure, oxygen mask availability, or even crew training. This means even if you buy a seat, using your car seat might not be guaranteed if you don't book and confirm it well in advance, which could totally mess up your travel plans at the last minute. While airlines try to help families, safety rules and how planes operate create a really complex set of rules for car seats. This complexity puts a lot of responsibility on parents to be super proactive, well-informed, and ready to avoid any issues or even being denied boarding at the airport. It's a big logistical thing that people often underestimate when they're just comparing airfares.
Bassinets are super popular and there are only a limited number on most planes. So, it's really important to ask for one when you book your flight, or as early as possible afterwards, to boost your chances of getting one. Bassinets have strict weight, age, and length limits, and these vary by airline and plane type. For example, Qantas bassinets are about 71cm long and for infants under 11kg, British Airways bassinets are for infants up to 6 months old and 8kg, and Air New Zealand bassinets are for infants up to 8 months old and 11.8kg. Your little one needs to fit comfortably within these limits. Bassinets can't be used during taxiing, take-off, landing, or when there's turbulence. You'll need to take your infant out and hold them securely with a lap belt during these times. Bassinets are almost always in bulkhead rows (the rows right behind a cabin divider or galley), because that's where they can attach them to the wall. Many international airlines also offer other family-friendly perks, like special kids' meals you can pre-book, infant kits with wipes and creams, changing tables in the bathrooms, and even dedicated in-flight entertainment for children.
If your booking is anything more complicated than one adult with one lap infant (like travelling with multiple infants, an infant needing their own seat, or specific car seat requirements), trying to book online might lead to mistakes or unfulfilled requests. It's really important to call the airline's dedicated contact centre or a knowledgeable travel agent. They can make sure all your specific needs are accurately recorded, confirmed, and that you're following all the airline's rules. Planning can be so complex that it's easy to miss a crucial detail. Missing something could cause a lot of stress, last-minute delays at the airport, or even, in serious cases, being denied boarding (like if your car seat isn't approved or your infant turns two mid-trip without a pre-booked seat). These potential issues can totally derail your travel plans and cost you even more money. While airlines have policies in place, it's largely up to parents to navigate and comply with this intricate system. This situation really suggests that airlines could make things simpler, or maybe third-party services could create better, all-in-one family travel planning tools to ease this burden.
So, as you can see, airfare rules for kids and babies are super varied and can be quite complicated! There are big, sometimes surprising, differences between flying domestically in Australia and going international, plus each airline has its own quirks. While domestic flights within Australia generally offer fewer direct discounts for kids in their own seats, international trips often have more varied price breaks for both infants and older children. This just shows how different the competition and money-making strategies are for each type of flight.
For flying around Australia, the main takeaway is that kids in their own seats usually pay the full adult fare. This suggests that airlines might not feel as much pressure to offer special family discounts for domestic travel. However, they often make up for it with pretty generous allowances for essential baby and child gear as checked baggage. While not a direct discount, this definitely makes things easier and less costly for families.
On the flip side, international travel usually means more competition, so child and infant fare discounts are more common. This helps airlines attract whole family bookings, knowing that adult passengers on long-haul flights bring in more overall revenue. But even with these discounts, flying internationally with young kids gets more complicated with strict rules about car seats, bassinet availability, and what happens if your child has a birthday mid-trip.
If you're planning to fly with kids or babies, my best advice is to be proactive and super thorough. Here's what you should definitely do:
By really understanding these details and taking care of them during your planning and booking, your family can fly with much more confidence, making for a smoother and more predictable journey for everyone, especially your littlest adventurers!
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